{"id":54560,"date":"2023-11-13T10:17:08","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T09:17:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.soitron.com\/injektaz-skodlivych-kodu\/"},"modified":"2023-12-27T09:56:03","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T08:56:03","slug":"injektaz-skodlivych-kodov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.soitron.com\/sk\/injektaz-skodlivych-kodov\/","title":{"rendered":"Injekt\u00e1\u017e \u0161kodliv\u00fdch k\u00f3dov do generat\u00edvnej AI m\u00f4\u017ee znepokojuj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom zneu\u017ei\u0165 d\u00e1ta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Chatboti, ako je ChatGPT, Google Bard \u010di in\u00ed, s\u00fa dobr\u00fdmi sluhami, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eu pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165 predstavova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko. S\u00fa toti\u017e zranite\u013en\u00ed vo\u010di \u00fatokom zalo\u017een\u00fdm na nepriamej, okam\u017eitej injekt\u00e1\u017ei. In\u00fdmi slovami ich je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u013eahko prin\u00fati\u0165 k tomu, aby robili to, \u010do by nemali.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1lokto si uvedomuje, \u017ee syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa umel\u00e9 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 siete a prvky umele inteligencie v\u010faka technol\u00f3gii ve\u013ek\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch modelov (LLM) je mo\u017en\u00e9 pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lnych in\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00e1d flexibilne modulova\u0165. Tieto sady ich robia n\u00e1chyln\u00fdmi k cielen\u00e9mu \u00fatoku, tzv. nepriamej injekt\u00e1\u017ei, ktorou m\u00f4\u017eu \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci prep\u00edsa\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 funkcie syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je injekt\u00e1\u017e pre LLM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pri injekt\u00e1\u017ei do generat\u00edvnej umelej inteligencie \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk vlo\u017e\u00ed na vstup LLM<\/a> \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d (pr\u00edpadne cel\u00fa sadu) alebo d\u00e1ta, \u010d\u00edm od\u0161tartuje sled udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k po\u010detn\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m. Medzi ne patr\u00ed napr. kr\u00e1de\u017e d\u00e1t, neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e1 transakcia, po\u0161kodenie syst\u00e9mu \u010di kybernetick\u00fd \u00fatok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To je IT odborn\u00edkmi pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za jeden z najviac znepokojiv\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov, ako m\u00f4\u017eu hackeri zneu\u017ei\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 modely. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 korpor\u00e1cie aj men\u0161ie start-upy toti\u017e \u010dasto sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa alebo vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa verejn\u00e9 generat\u00edvne syst\u00e9my umelej inteligencie bez toho, aby si uvedomovali pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. Preto sa odborn\u00edci na kybernetick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie v\u0161eobecne sna\u017eia zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 povedomie o potenci\u00e1lnom nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. \u201eVzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee st\u00e1le viac spolo\u010dnost\u00ed LLM vyu\u017e\u00edva, a \u010dasto do nich vkladaj\u00fa osobn\u00e9 \u010di podnikov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta, ide o ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko. Pr\u00e1ve preto sa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci zamerali na kr\u00e1de\u017ee AI Chatbot \u00fa\u010dtov \u2013 vi\u010f napr. Malware Raccoon, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu bolo ukradnut\u00fdch a na Dark Webe vystaven\u00fdch u\u017e cca 80 tis\u00edc ChatGPT \u00fa\u010dtov. Ak podobn\u00e9 slu\u017eby vo firemnom prostred\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvate, odpor\u00fa\u010dame v\u00e1m v prvom rade pri t\u00fdchto n\u00e1strojoch nastavi\u0165 MFA, nevklada\u0165 do chatu citliv\u00e9 d\u00e1ta a ide\u00e1lne potom neuklada\u0165 hist\u00f3riu konverz\u00e1ci\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysvet\u013euje Petr Kocmich, Global Cyber Security Delivery Manager spolo\u010dnosti Soitron.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ako injekt\u00e1\u017e pre LLM funguje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Existuje nieko\u013eko r\u00f4znych sp\u00f4sobov, ako m\u00f4\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk urobi\u0165 injekt\u00e1\u017e do LLM. Jedn\u00fdm z najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edch sp\u00f4sobov je vlo\u017eenie \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du alebo d\u00e1t do vstupu, ktor\u00fd je odovzdan\u00fd LLM. Tento vstup m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u010d\u00edmko\u013evek, od textu a\u017e po obr\u00e1zok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dato\u010dn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad vlo\u017ei\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d na vstup chatbota. Keby u\u017e\u00edvate\u013e n\u00e1sledne chatbotovi polo\u017eil ot\u00e1zku, mohol by tento \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d spusti\u0165 zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00fd \u00fatok. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom je zneu\u017eitie chyby v aplik\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva LLM. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, ak niekto dok\u00e1\u017ee vlo\u017ei\u0165 d\u00e1ta do LLM, potom m\u00f4\u017ee potenci\u00e1lne manipulova\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u010do sa objav\u00ed na v\u00fdstupe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Obrana proti injekt\u00e1\u017ei pre LLM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Odborn\u00edci na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pravidelne ukazuj\u00fa, ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 nepriamu okam\u017eit\u00fa injekt\u00e1\u017e pou\u017ei\u0165 k manipul\u00e1cii \u010di kr\u00e1de\u017ei d\u00e1t, v hor\u0161om pr\u00edpade aj ku vzdialen\u00e9mu spusteniu k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje nieko\u013eko opatren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri a spr\u00e1vcovia syst\u00e9mov podnikn\u00fa\u0165, aby syst\u00e9my pred injekt\u00e1\u017eou do LLM ochr\u00e1nili. Jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch, av\u0161ak nie celkom ban\u00e1lnych, je pou\u017ei\u0165 spr\u00e1vne o\u0161etrenie vstupu, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1ha zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vlo\u017eeniu \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du alebo d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNapriek tomu \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri chatbotov disponuj\u00fa t\u00edmami, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa na zabezpe\u010den\u00ed LLM syst\u00e9mov<\/a>, na identifik\u00e1cii a filtr\u00e1cii injektovan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du pre manipul\u00e1ciu \u010di exfiltr\u00e1ciu d\u00e1t a vzdialen\u00e9ho spustenia k\u00f3du, nie je v ich sil\u00e1ch vopred v\u0161etky potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vstupy identifikova\u0165, o\u0161etri\u0165 a zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 im. V kyberbezpe\u010dnosti sme si u\u017e zvykli, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tzv. obfusk\u00e1ciu (maskovanie) k\u00f3du. Teraz sa bav\u00edme prakticky o obfusk\u00e1cii na \u00farovni spracovania prirodzen\u00e9ho jazyka (NLP), kedy \u017eelan\u00e9 funkcionality dok\u00e1\u017eeme dosiahnu\u0165 r\u00f4znorodo p\u00edsan\u00fdm textom,\u201c<\/em>upozor\u0148uje Petr Kocmich.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Existuj\u00fa aj \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aj z tohto d\u00f4vodu spolo\u010dnosti pristupuj\u00fa k tomu, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie verejne dostupn\u00fdch chatbotov st\u00e1le viac obmedzuj\u00fa. Pr\u00edpadne sa zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa, ako generat\u00edvnu umel\u00fa inteligenciu integrova\u0165, respekt\u00edve implementova\u0165 do aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a slu\u017eieb. Je potrebn\u00e9 si toti\u017e uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee vo chv\u00edli, kedy doch\u00e1dza k prijatiu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed od tret\u00edch str\u00e1n (napr. z internetu), nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 LLM na\u010falej d\u00f4verova\u0165. K LLM je preto potrebn\u00e9 v\u017edy pristupova\u0165 opatrne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto pr\u00edpade dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa prednos\u0165 \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 generat\u00edvne syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa priamo navrhnut\u00e9 k firemn\u00e9mu pou\u017eitiu, a do ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 vklada\u0165 podnikov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta, ktor\u00e9 nikdy neopustia toto prostredie \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iba intern\u00e9 d\u00e1ta, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spracov\u00e1van\u00e9 lok\u00e1lne. \u201eTak\u00fdm je napr\u00edklad aj na\u0161a slu\u017eba Millada<\/a>, ktor\u00e1, hoci je postaven\u00e1 na modeli ChatGPT, pracuje s d\u00e1tami lok\u00e1lne. Oproti in\u00fdm informa\u010dn\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m a syst\u00e9mom je jej implement\u00e1cia navy\u0161e omnoho jednoduch\u0161ia, lebo funguje nez\u00e1visle na \u00farovni spracovate\u013ea d\u00e1t,\u201c<\/em> prezr\u00e1dza Kocmich <\/strong>a dod\u00e1va, \u017ee LLM je n\u00e1pomocn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia, ale rozhodne vy\u017eaduje starostliv\u00e9 a zodpovedn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chatboti, ako je ChatGPT, Google Bard \u010di in\u00ed, s\u00fa dobr\u00fdmi sluhami, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eu pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165 predstavova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko. S\u00fa toti\u017e zranite\u013en\u00ed vo\u010di \u00fatokom zalo\u017een\u00fdm na nepriamej, okam\u017eitej injekt\u00e1\u017ei. In\u00fdmi slovami ich je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u013eahko prin\u00fati\u0165 k tomu, aby robili to, \u010do by nemali. M\u00e1lokto si uvedomuje, \u017ee syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa umel\u00e9 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 siete a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":36401,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"news_categories":[370],"class_list":["post-54560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene","news_categories-bezpecnost"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZneu\u017eitie d\u00e1t pomocou injekt\u00e1\u017ee \u0161kodliv\u00fdch k\u00f3dov | Soitron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa umel\u00e9 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 siete a prvky umelej inteligencie pomocou technol\u00f3gie ve\u013ek\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch modelov (LLM) je mo\u017en\u00e9 pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lnych in\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00e1d flexibilne 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