{"id":52499,"date":"2023-06-01T13:54:03","date_gmt":"2023-06-01T12:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.soitron.com\/chyby-v-konfiguraci-cloudu\/"},"modified":"2023-12-15T16:38:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-15T15:38:53","slug":"chyby-v-konfiguraci-cloudu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.soitron.com\/sk\/chyby-v-konfiguraci-cloudu\/","title":{"rendered":"Dopad miskonfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed na podnikanie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zahrani\u010dn\u00e9, ale aj slovensk\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie pokra\u010duj\u00fa s presunom svojich IT syst\u00e9mov a d\u00e1t do cloudov\u00e9ho prostredia. Prechod do cloudu v\u0161ak nie je len o migr\u00e1cii d\u00e1t, ale aj o zmene pr\u00edstupu spr\u00e1vcov, a to mnohokr\u00e1t prin\u00e1\u0161a nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a konfigura\u010dn\u00e9 postupy. Potom sa jednoducho m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165, \u017ee sa pri migr\u00e1cii nie\u010do zabudne o\u0161etri\u0165, nastavi\u0165 \u010di v\u0161eobecne nakonfigurova\u0165 pod\u013ea \u201ebest practice\u201c. Tak vznikaj\u00fa tzv. miskonfigur\u00e1cie a v\u010faka nim firmy n\u00e1sledne zbyto\u010dne \u010delia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu po\u010dtu \u00fatokov, ne\u017e tomu bolo sk\u00f4r a nedok\u00e1\u017eu sa im adekv\u00e1tne br\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako cloudov\u00e9, tak on-premise rie\u0161enia pon\u00fakaj\u00fa jasn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a rie\u0161ia konkr\u00e9tne v\u00fdzvy a potreby organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed. Vzia\u0165 a presun\u00fa\u0165 kompletne lok\u00e1lnu IT infra\u0161trukt\u00faru bez potrebn\u00fdch zmien do cloudu (tzv. Lift & Shift pr\u00edstup) je v\u0161ak \u010dastou chybou, ktorej sa dop\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa. Oba typy prostred\u00ed \u2013 \u010di u\u017e on-premise alebo cloudov\u00e9 \u2013 prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa v\u00fdhody aj nev\u00fdhody, a preto je mo\u017en\u00e9 sa u z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov \u010dasto stretn\u00fa\u0165 s hybridn\u00fdmi prostrediami. D\u00f4vodom pre toto rie\u0161enie b\u00fdva, bu\u010f legislat\u00edvna po\u017eiadavka (z poh\u013eadu citlivosti d\u00e1t a toho, kde sa tak\u00e9to d\u00e1ta m\u00f4\u017eu \u010di nem\u00f4\u017eu nach\u00e1dza\u0165), alebo architekt\u00fara a komplexita legacy aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa nedaj\u00fa v cloude prev\u00e1dzkova\u0165 v\u00f4bec, \u010di s nutnou, av\u0161ak neprimeranou invest\u00edciou a vyp\u00e4t\u00edm s\u00edl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oh\u00fdbanie stavu nie je prijate\u013en\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Migr\u00e1cia do cloudu m\u00f4\u017ee organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m pom\u00f4c\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady na IT (v pr\u00edpade spr\u00e1vneho vyu\u017e\u00edvania cloudov\u00fdch prostriedkov), z\u00edska\u0165 kedyko\u013evek vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, a hlavne \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 flexibilitu \u00falo\u017eiska, zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 a zr\u00fdchli\u0165 nasadenie syst\u00e9mov a aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k d\u00e1tam a syst\u00e9mom odkia\u013eko\u013evek, kedyko\u013evek, a to 365 dn\u00ed v roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasadenie cloudu z kybernetick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 napadnutia organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed. Pokia\u013e padne rozhodnutie \u201epo\u010fme do cloudu\u201c, mus\u00ed sa k nemu pristupova\u0165 zodpovedne. V prvom rade je potrebn\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee cloud, ako tak\u00fd, je zdie\u013ean\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165 medzi poskytovate\u013eom cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom. Cloud teda nie je nikdy samospasn\u00fd. M\u00f4\u017eeme sa samozrejme bavi\u0165 o v\u00fdbere spr\u00e1vneho modelu (IaaS\/PaaS\/SaaS), ale pokia\u013e chceme u\u013eavi\u0165 intern\u00e9mu IT\/SEC t\u00edmu, spr\u00e1vnou cestou by mal by\u0165 model PaaS a SaaS, kde v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina zodpovednosti spad\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve na poskytovate\u013ea cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 prechodu do cloudu sa mus\u00ed vn\u00edma\u0165 ako \u0161anca na prechod k modern\u00e9mu a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu rie\u0161eniu firemnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa nesmie zabudn\u00fa\u0165 zapoji\u0165 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 oddelenie, ktor\u00e9 by malo by\u0165 fundament\u00e1lnou a integr\u00e1lnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho podobn\u00e9ho projektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bohu\u017eia\u013e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina cloudov\u00fdch migr\u00e1ci\u00ed mnohokr\u00e1t znamen\u00e1 len oh\u00fdbanie a presun existuj\u00faceho stavu. Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 za\u010da\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ide\u00e1lne nat\u00edvne cloudov\u00e9 prostriedky, \u010do v mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch znamen\u00e1 premenu existuj\u00facich monolitick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. V opa\u010dnom pr\u00edpade, oby\u010dajn\u00fdm presunom syst\u00e9mov a d\u00e1t spolo\u010dnosti ni\u010d nez\u00edskaj\u00fa a s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou ich to bude st\u00e1\u0165 viac finan\u010dn\u00fdch prostriedkov ne\u017e p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie v on-premise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"cloud\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V hlavnej roli miskonfigur\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do v pr\u00edpade on-premise rie\u0161en\u00ed s\u00fa dne\u0161n\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti pomerne dobre vybaven\u00e9 n\u00e1strojmi pre monitoring stavu a kontrolu zabezpe\u010denia z poh\u013eadu zabehnut\u00fdch a overen\u00fdch \u0161tandardov, pre migr\u00e1ciu do cloudu to tak by\u0165 nemus\u00ed. Chybn\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie cloudu predstavuj\u00fa zranite\u013en\u00e9 miesta, ktor\u00e9 \u010dakaj\u00fa, a\u017e si ich \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci v\u0161imn\u00fa. Ide o vstupn\u00e9 br\u00e1ny, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 infiltrova\u0165 nielen cloudov\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, ale v\u010faka prepojeniu a hybridn\u00e9mu re\u017eimu aj later\u00e1lne presun\u00fa\u0165 do existuj\u00facej on-premise \u010dasti infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, kde je potom mo\u017en\u00e9 exfiltrova\u0165 d\u00e1ta, pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, telemetrick\u00e9 d\u00e1ta strojov v OT prostred\u00ed, zdravotn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy \u010di osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, a to v\u0161etko napr\u00edklad zakon\u010di\u0165 nasaden\u00edm ransomwaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov m\u00e1 priemern\u00fd podnik ka\u017ed\u00fd rok stovky chybn\u00fdch konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed, ale o preva\u017enej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine z nich ich IT oddelenia v\u00f4bec netu\u0161ia. V\u0161etky chybn\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie s\u00fa pritom v\u00fdsledkom \u013eudskej chyby a ch\u00fdbaj\u00facich n\u00e1strojov na kontrolu konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu cloudu (napr. tzv. CSPM \u2013 Cloud Security Posture Management).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dopad chybnej konfigur\u00e1cie cloudu na zabezpe\u010denie syst\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pri migr\u00e1cii syst\u00e9mov dos\u0165 \u010dasto doch\u00e1dza aj k tomu, \u017ee vybran\u00e9 slu\u017eby, ktor\u00e9 boli dostupn\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci on-premise rie\u0161en\u00ed len interne, s\u00fa po migr\u00e1cii vystaven\u00e9 verejne na internete, bez filtrovania a blokovania externej sie\u0165ovej prev\u00e1dzky. Touto chybou trp\u00ed ve\u013ea spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, a dokonca mnoh\u00e9 z nich spadaj\u00fa pod kritick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. M\u00f4\u017ee sa teda sta\u0165, \u017ee sa na internete objav\u00ed verejne dostupn\u00e1 konzola pre ovl\u00e1danie priemyseln\u00fdch riadiacich syst\u00e9mov. Ned\u00e1vno sme takto detekovali konzolu ICS syst\u00e9mu pre ovl\u00e1danie v\u00fdrobnej a mont\u00e1\u017enej linky \u2013 bez nutnosti overenia. Be\u017en\u00fdm folkl\u00f3rom s\u00fa slu\u017eby obsahuj\u00face zneu\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 zranite\u013enosti bez dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho zabezpe\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 bolo nasaden\u00e9 v on-premise rie\u0161en\u00ed, ale v cloude sa u\u017e alebo e\u0161te neimplementovalo (napr. ch\u00fdbaj\u00faci WAF \u2013 Web Application Firewall) a \u010falej slu\u017eby s predvolen\u00fdmi pr\u00edstupov\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi a slu\u017eby sl\u00fa\u017eiace ku vzdialenej spr\u00e1ve intern\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov z\u00e1kazn\u00edka alebo dokonca vo\u013ene pr\u00edstupn\u00fdch d\u00e1t citliv\u00e9ho charakteru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto, pri\u010dom \u0161tatistiky n\u00e1\u0161ho doh\u013eadov\u00e9ho centra to len potvrdzuj\u00fa, n\u00e1sledne doch\u00e1dza k desiatkam a\u017e stovk\u00e1m incidentov mesa\u010dne. Chybn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u013eahk\u00fdm cie\u013eom \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed dobre vedia, \u017ee ich m\u00e1 takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd podnik. Toto zanedbanie m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 katastrof\u00e1lne n\u00e1sledky. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edkom pom\u00e1ha v prieskume a infiltr\u00e1cii do z\u00e1kazn\u00edckeho prostredia vytvorenie permanentn\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb pre vzdialen\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ovl\u00e1dnutie syst\u00e9mov, exfiltr\u00e1ciu d\u00e1t, ale napr\u00edklad aj prihlasovac\u00edch \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa n\u00e1sledne zverejnen\u00e9 alebo predan\u00e9 a pou\u017eit\u00e9 na \u010fal\u0161ie \u00fatoky. Pr\u00edpadne otv\u00e1ra dvere postrann\u00fdm ransomware alebo cryptojacking \u00fatokom, pri ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 zdroje k podpore krypto\u0165a\u017eobn\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kroky pre minimaliz\u00e1ciu riz\u00edk miskonfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1va a sledovanie konfigur\u00e1cie vy\u017eaduje mnohostrann\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Organiz\u00e1cie by mali zavies\u0165 osved\u010den\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 postupy, ako je pravideln\u00e9 hodnotenie stavu zabezpe\u010denia cloudu (Cloud Security Posture Management), ktor\u00e9 pom\u00f4\u017eu odhali\u0165 mnoho bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch prehre\u0161kov a miskonfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed. Je potrebn\u00e9 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 z\u00e1sadu Least-Privilege a priebe\u017ene monitorova\u0165 a auditova\u0165 cloudov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Udr\u017eiavanie dostato\u010dnej vidite\u013enosti cloudov\u00fdch akt\u00edv by malo by\u0165 prioritou, rovnako aj v r\u00e1mci on-premise. \u010ealej pom\u00f4\u017ee siln\u00fd Identity & Access Management, ktor\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lova\u0165 opr\u00e1vnenia, aby bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 spr\u00e1vna \u00farove\u0148 pr\u00edstupu ku cloudov\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Identifik\u00e1ciou r\u00f4znych chybn\u00fdch konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed pri migr\u00e1cii do cloudu a ich vyvarovanie podnikom pom\u00f4\u017ee odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 hlavn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. S t\u00fdm dok\u00e1\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 firmy, ktor\u00e9 organiz\u00e1ciu preved\u00fa cel\u00fdm procesom a v\u0161etko spr\u00e1vne nastavia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odkaz na \u010dl\u00e1nok v \u010dasopise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IT Systems<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zahrani\u010dn\u00e9, ale aj slovensk\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie pokra\u010duj\u00fa s presunom svojich IT syst\u00e9mov a d\u00e1t do cloudov\u00e9ho prostredia. Prechod do cloudu v\u0161ak nie je len o migr\u00e1cii d\u00e1t, ale aj o zmene pr\u00edstupu spr\u00e1vcov, a to mnohokr\u00e1t prin\u00e1\u0161a nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a konfigura\u010dn\u00e9 postupy. Potom sa jednoducho m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165, \u017ee sa pri migr\u00e1cii nie\u010do zabudne o\u0161etri\u0165, nastavi\u0165 \u010di […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":52322,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[295],"news_categories":[370],"class_list":["post-52499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene","tag-kyberneticka-bezpecnost","news_categories-bezpecnost"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDopad miskonfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed na podnikanie - Soitron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u0159echod do cloudu nen\u00ed jen o migraci dat, ale i o zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu spr\u00e1vc\u016f, a to mnohdy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a nov\u00e9 konfigura\u010dn\u00ed postupy. M\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee se p\u0159i migraci n\u011bco opomene o\u0161et\u0159it, nastavit \u010di obecn\u011b nakonfigurovat podle \u201ebest practice\u201c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dopad miskonfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed na podnikanie - Soitron\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159echod do cloudu nen\u00ed jen o migraci dat, ale i o zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu spr\u00e1vc\u016f, a to mnohdy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a nov\u00e9 konfigura\u010dn\u00ed postupy. 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