{"id":37518,"date":"2020-10-23T14:21:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T13:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.soitron.com\/?p=37518"},"modified":"2022-03-21T17:10:26","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T16:10:26","slug":"ako-by-sa-mesta-a-obce-nemali-chystat-na-audit-kyberbezpecnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.soitron.com\/sk\/ako-by-sa-mesta-a-obce-nemali-chystat-na-audit-kyberbezpecnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako by sa mest\u00e1 a obce (ne)mali chysta\u0165 na audit kyberbezpe\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Po\u010det kyber\u00fatokov vo svete aj u n\u00e1s rastie a nevyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa sa ani mest\u00e1m \u010di obciam. Povinnos\u0165 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa pred nimi im preto uklad\u00e1 okrem Z\u00e1kona \u010d. 95\/2019 Z.z. o informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch vo verejnej spr\u00e1ve<\/a> a jeho vyhl\u00e1\u0161ok aj Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 69\/2018 Z.z. o kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a>. Ten prv\u00fd ich zav\u00e4zuje k dodr\u017eiavaniu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed a ten druh\u00fd im ur\u010duje, \u017ee musia absolvova\u0165 audit kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a>. Ako by teda slovensk\u00e9 mest\u00e1 a obce mali chr\u00e1ni\u0165 svoje d\u00e1ta, \u010d\u00edm treba za\u010da\u0165, \u010di ako sa vyvarova\u0165 nef\u00e9rov\u00fdm a\u017e podvodn\u00fdm ponuk\u00e1m, radia riadite\u013e centra kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti Void SOC<\/a> Martin Lohnert a ved\u00faci oddelenia IT Poradenstva<\/a> D\u00e1vid Dvo\u0159\u00e1k.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ako by ste zhodnotili stav kyberbezpe\u010dnosti slovensk\u00fdch miest a obc\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martin Lohnert:<\/strong> Ke\u010f si \u010dlovek predstav\u00ed katastrof\u00e1lnu situ\u00e1ciu a e\u0161te ju ve\u013emi zhor\u0161\u00ed, tak zhruba tak. Spom\u00ednam si, ako mi raz v jednom meste povedali: \u201eKybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165? Tak t\u00fdm sme sa e\u0161te nikdy nezaoberali.\u201c Samozrejme, s\u00fa aj svetl\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky, no vo v\u0161eobecnosti je kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 mimo ich z\u00e1ujem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1vid Dvo\u0159\u00e1k:<\/strong> Pre mest\u00e1 a obce \u2013 podobne ako napr\u00edklad pre nemocnice\u2013 je t\u00e1to t\u00e9ma ve\u013emi vzdialen\u00e1. To je prv\u00fd d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do je stav tak\u00fd zl\u00fd. Druh\u00fd d\u00f4vod je nedostatok financi\u00ed. Maj\u00fa toti\u017e ve\u013emi limitovan\u00e9 rozpo\u010dty a ke\u010f\u017ee kyberbezpe\u010dnos\u0165 nevn\u00edmaj\u00fa ako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa, ani na \u0148u nevy\u010dle\u0148uj\u00fa peniaze. No a tret\u00ed d\u00f4vod je nedostatok odborn\u00edkov v regi\u00f3noch. N\u00e1js\u0165 tam \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed tejto t\u00e9me aspo\u0148 ako-tak rozumej\u00fa, je priam nad\u013eudsk\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Napr\u00edklad v\u0161etci certifikovan\u00ed kybernetick\u00ed aud\u00edtori s\u00fa koncentrovan\u00ed v Bratislave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedostatok pe\u0148az\u00ed je asi nie\u010do, \u010do sa len tak nezmen\u00ed. Vedia mest\u00e1 a obce spravi\u0165 nie\u010do pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 svojich d\u00e1t aj s obmedzen\u00fdmi rozpo\u010dtami?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ML:<\/strong> Ur\u010dite \u00e1no. U\u017e t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa to pre ne stane t\u00e9mou. Ak odsko\u010d\u00edm od technick\u00fdch aspektov, tak najslab\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkom v\u017edy b\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u013eudia. Ak chceme v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161ova\u0165 kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, mali by sme sa venova\u0165 zvy\u0161ovaniu povedomia a vzdel\u00e1vaniu \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed v miestnych samospr\u00e1vach pracuj\u00fa. Zorganizova\u0165 napr\u00edklad \u0161kolenia, na ktor\u00fdch im uk\u00e1\u017eeme, na ak\u00e9 maily neklika\u0165 alebo ako rozpozna\u0165 falo\u0161n\u00fa fakt\u00faru. A to si nevy\u017eaduje astronomick\u00e9 invest\u00edcie. Rovnako tak napr\u00edklad zmeny konfigur\u00e1cie, nastaven\u00ed \u010di implement\u00e1cia technick\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 primeran\u00e9 ve\u013ekosti mesta a jeho finan\u010dn\u00fdm mo\u017enostiam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DD:<\/strong> \u010casto sa stret\u00e1vame s t\u00fdm, \u017ee ke\u010f sa aj nejak\u00e9 mesto \u010di obec rozhodne kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 rie\u0161i\u0165, h\u013ead\u00e1 najjednoduch\u0161ie rie\u0161enie. Bu\u010f si k\u00fapia \u201ez\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fa krabi\u010dku\u201c, alebo e\u0161te hor\u0161ie \u2013 k\u00fapia si iba dokument\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00fa zalo\u017eia do zaklada\u010da. Bez toho, aby pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 skuto\u010dne nie\u010do spravili. Kupova\u0165 si dokumenty pritom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vo fin\u00e1le drah\u0161ie ako skuto\u010dn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nest\u00e1va sa to aj preto, \u017ee sa spoliehaj\u00fa na zhovievavos\u0165 NB\u00da a na to, \u017ee pokutu nakoniec nedostan\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ML:<\/strong> Je to mo\u017en\u00e9, no zaobera\u0165 by sa t\u00fdm obce mali bez oh\u013eadu na legislat\u00edvu. Maj\u00fa toti\u017e povinnos\u0165 vo\u010di ob\u010danom. T\u00ed sa spoliehaj\u00fa, \u017ee samospr\u00e1va ich d\u00e1ta ochr\u00e1ni. To, \u017ee jej to uklad\u00e1 aj z\u00e1kon a \u017ee jej hrozia pokuty, by mala by\u0165 iba posledn\u00e1 sklada\u010dka do mozaiky d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do sa kyberbezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou zaobera\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vraveli ste, \u017ee najslab\u0161ie ohnivko s\u00fa \u013eudia, preto ich treba vzdel\u00e1va\u0165. Nenar\u00e1\u017eame tu ale na probl\u00e9m s nedostatkom odborn\u00edkov, ktor\u00fd ste sami identifikovali?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DD:<\/strong> Je pravda, \u017ee n\u00e1m ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa desiatky tis\u00edc odborn\u00edkov<\/a> v regi\u00f3noch, no nem\u00f4\u017eeme \u010daka\u0165, k\u00fdm ich vychov\u00e1me \u2013 to bude trva\u0165 e\u0161te ve\u013emi dlho. Mus\u00edme pracova\u0165 s t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00fdch m\u00e1me. Mest\u00e1 a obce sa m\u00f4\u017eu spoji\u0165 (napr\u00edklad v r\u00e1mci okresov, krajov, \u010di Zdru\u017eenia miest a obc\u00ed Slovenska) a spolo\u010dne si nejak\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov zavola\u0165 \u2013 \u010di u\u017e z firiem, univerz\u00edt alebo \u0161t\u00e1tnych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed. Odkia\u013eko\u013evek sa im podar\u00ed. Ke\u010f sa mest\u00e1 spoja, m\u00f4\u017eu zdie\u013ea\u0165 nielen know-how, ale aj n\u00e1klady, aby ich nenieslo ka\u017ed\u00e9 jedno mesto samo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee by to mali mest\u00e1 a obce rie\u0161i\u0165 spolo\u010dne?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ML:<\/strong> Ur\u010dite. Keby to mala komplexne rie\u0161i\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 obec sama, nezvl\u00e1dne to. Ani finan\u010dne, ani \u010dasovo, ani organiza\u010dne, ani kapacitne. Jedin\u00e1 rozumn\u00e1 cesta je spoji\u0165 sa, zdie\u013ea\u0165 sk\u00fasenosti z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyu\u017ei\u0165 komer\u010dn\u00fa ponuku. Ke\u010f sa ak\u00e9ko\u013evek slu\u017eby, aj tie s\u00favisiacie s kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou, robia pre desiatky \u010di stovky subjektov, tak je jednotkov\u00e1 cena v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00e9 mest\u00e1 a obce kyberbezpe\u010dnos\u0165 nerie\u0161ia, preto\u017ee s\u00fa presved\u010den\u00e9, \u017ee ich sa to net\u00fdka. Nie je to v\u0161ak pravda. Pre\u010do s\u00fa pre \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 aj samospr\u00e1vy a s ak\u00fdmi naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fatokmi sa stret\u00e1vate?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ML:<\/strong> Situ\u00e1cia je rovnak\u00e1 ako pri mal\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch. \u010casto si myslia, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov nezauj\u00edmaj\u00fa. Treba si v\u0161ak uvedomi\u0165 dve veci. Po prv\u00e9 \u2013 nevyhn\u00fa sa plo\u0161n\u00fdm \u00fatokom, pri ktor\u00fdch program \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka automaticky h\u013ead\u00e1 zranite\u013en\u00e9 miesta bez toho, aby na niekoho priamo cielil. Pri nich je jedno, \u010di server vlastn\u00ed advok\u00e1tska kancel\u00e1ria, mal\u00e9 mesto alebo ve\u013ek\u00e1 firma. Po druh\u00e9 – na Slovensku u\u017e vieme aj o cielen\u00fdch \u00fatokoch na mest\u00e1 a obce. Z technick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska s\u00fa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a trivi\u00e1lne, no pre n\u00edzku \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010denia a povedomia \u010dasto \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad podvodn\u00e9 e-maily alebo falo\u0161n\u00e9 fakt\u00fary, ktor\u00e9 mest\u00e1 uhradia, preto\u017ee sa tv\u00e1ria ako od ich dod\u00e1vate\u013eov. Be\u017en\u00fd je aj phishing \u010di ransomware, teda vydiera\u010dsk\u00fd v\u00edrus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DD:<\/strong> Nie v\u017edy za t\u00fdm mus\u00ed by\u0165 tak\u00fdto vidite\u013en\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00fd dopad. Ak sa dostane \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk k citliv\u00fdm d\u00e1tam, mo\u017eno e\u0161te hor\u0161ie je, \u017ee nevieme, ako, kto a kedy tieto \u00fadaje zneu\u017eije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ak sa nejak\u00e1 samospr\u00e1va rozhodne \u201edobehn\u00fa\u0165 zame\u0161kan\u00e9\u201c v kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti, \u010d\u00edm by mala za\u010da\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ML:<\/strong> V\u00fdberom kompetentn\u00e9ho a spo\u013eahliv\u00e9ho partnera, ktor\u00fd jej v tom porad\u00ed. Pri tomto v\u00fdbere partnera by ale mali by\u0165 dostato\u010dne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00ed. Raz n\u00e1m toti\u017e v jednom meste povedali, \u017ee dostali v\u00fdhodn\u00fa ponuku na \u201ekomplexn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie\u201c. Rie\u0161enie \u00fadajne obsahovalo obecn\u00fa webstr\u00e1nku, kyberbezpe\u010dnos\u0165 \u201ena k\u013e\u00fa\u010d,\u201c splnenie z\u00e1konn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed ZoKB a GDPR. V\u0161etko za 25 eur mesa\u010dne, \u010do znelo ako fantastick\u00e1 ponuka. Nesk\u00f4r sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee ponuku predklad\u00e1 \u017eivnostn\u00edk bez sk\u00fasenost\u00ed, ktor\u00fd za\u010dal podnika\u0165 len p\u00e1r mesiacov predt\u00fdm. To by asi nemala by\u0165 autorita na ktor\u00fa sa v oblasti bezpe\u010dnosti spo\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165. Obce sa v tom ale neorientuj\u00fa, a to cel\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu komplikuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako teda rozoznaj\u00fa dobr\u00fa ponuku?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ML:<\/strong> Zapojen\u00edm kritick\u00e9ho myslenia. Je to podobn\u00e9, ako ke\u010f napr\u00edklad staviam dom. Ak by mi dala ponuku stavebn\u00e1 firma, ktor\u00e1 vznikla pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi mesiacmi, budem ma\u0165 pochybnosti \u2013 \u010di m\u00e1 referencie, \u010di mi na to bude vedie\u0165 da\u0165 z\u00e1ruku a podobne. Treba to posudzova\u0165 e\u0161te citlivej\u0161ie, ako ak\u00fako\u013evek in\u00fa ponuku, ke\u010f\u017ee sa v tejto oblasti obce nevyznaj\u00fa. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak aj nekomer\u010dn\u00e9 zdru\u017eenia \u2013 napr\u00edklad Asoci\u00e1cia kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti – na ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu obr\u00e1ti\u0165 s prosbou o odpor\u00fa\u010danie \u010di pomoc s pos\u00faden\u00edm ponuky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DD:<\/strong> M\u00f4\u017eu si napr\u00edklad naja\u0165 odborn\u00e9ho konzultanta \u2013 \u0161pecialistu, ktor\u00fd im pom\u00f4\u017ee overi\u0165 dan\u00e9ho dod\u00e1vate\u013ea alebo ur\u010dit\u00e9 miln\u00edky pri realizovan\u00ed projektu. Sta\u010d\u00ed, ak ho zaplatia iba na mal\u00fa \u010das\u0165 projektu, nie na cel\u00fd, ke\u010f\u017ee tak\u00fdto odborn\u00edk by bol pre mest\u00e1 na cel\u00fd \u010das asi pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1kladn\u00fd. Podobne ako pri spom\u00ednanej stavbe domu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina be\u017en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed v\u00fdstavbe nerozumej\u00fa, si tie\u017e naj\u00edmaj\u00fa stavebn\u00fd dozor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eakujeme za rozhovor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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REDAKCIA SOITRON SA BAVILA S:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Martin Lohnert<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Security Operations Center Manager<\/p>\n\n\n\n

martin.lohnert@soitron.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

David Dvo\u0159\u00e1k<\/strong>, CISA, CISM, CRISC, CDPSE<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IT Advisory Manager<\/p>\n\n\n\n

david.dvorak@soitron.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u00c1TE \u010eAL\u0160IE OT\u00c1ZKY?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Potrebujete pom\u00f4c\u0165 s kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou<\/strong> vo va\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti? Na\u0161i IT \u0161pecialisti v\u00e1m radi ochotne poradia, \u010do v\u0161etko budete na\u0148 potrebova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
KONTAKTUJTE N\u00c1S<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po\u010det kyber\u00fatokov vo svete aj u n\u00e1s rastie a nevyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa sa ani mest\u00e1m \u010di obciam. Povinnos\u0165 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa pred nimi im preto uklad\u00e1 okrem Z\u00e1kona \u010d. 95\/2019 Z.z. o informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch vo verejnej spr\u00e1ve a jeho vyhl\u00e1\u0161ok aj Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 69\/2018 Z.z. o kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti. Ten prv\u00fd ich zav\u00e4zuje k dodr\u017eiavaniu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed a ten […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":37559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[295],"news_categories":[370],"class_list":["post-37518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","tag-kyberneticka-bezpecnost","news_categories-bezpecnost"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAko by sa mest\u00e1 a obce (ne)mali chysta\u0165 na audit kyberbezpe\u010dnosti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Po\u010det kyber\u00fatokov vo svete aj u n\u00e1s rastie a nevyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa sa ani mest\u00e1m \u010di obciam. 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