{"id":27624,"date":"2019-12-20T14:18:57","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T13:18:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.soitron.com\/?p=27624"},"modified":"2023-11-16T10:01:09","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T09:01:09","slug":"nemocnice-na-rozcesti-kyberbezpecnost-je-zivotne-dolezita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.soitron.com\/sk\/nemocnice-na-rozcesti-kyberbezpecnost-je-zivotne-dolezita\/","title":{"rendered":"Nemocnice na r\u00e1zcest\u00ed: Kyberbezpe\u010dnos\u0165 je \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

KOMENT\u00c1R V M\u00c9DI\u00c1CH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V poslednej dobe prib\u00fada po\u010det kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov na zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nevedia, ako im \u010deli\u0165, ale bud\u00fa sa to musie\u0165 nau\u010di\u0165. Nulov\u00e9 riziko \u00fatoku neexistuje a nikdy existova\u0165 nebude. Rizik\u00e1m sa d\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinne predch\u00e1dza\u0165, mus\u00ed sa ale od z\u00e1kladov zmeni\u0165 pr\u00edstup mana\u017ementu nemocn\u00edc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"nemocnice<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vo ve\u010dnom boji s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou kriminalitou m\u00f4\u017ee zdravot-n\u00edckym zariadeniam pom\u00f4c\u0165 aj \u0161t\u00e1t. V decembri 2019 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd v\u00edrus paralyzoval bene\u0161ovsk\u00fa nemocnicu. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po napadnut\u00ed fungovala t\u00fd\u017edne v obmedzenej prev\u00e1dzke. Zru\u0161en\u00e9 boli pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie, zatvorili v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu oddelen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010cech\u00e1ch nejde o prv\u00fd pr\u00edpad. Cie\u013eom \u00fatoku boli v oblasti zdravotn\u00edctva aj \u010fal\u0161ie zariadenia (napr\u00edklad lie\u010deb\u0148a v Janove na Rokycansku). Niektor\u00ed u\u017e zaplatili \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkom aj v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 za spr\u00edstupnenie d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobn\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 maj\u00fa aj na Slovensku. Pred dvomi rokmi zasiahol v\u00edrus WannaCry viac ako 200 000 cie\u013eov pribli\u017ene v 150 krajin\u00e1ch. Nevyhla sa mu ani nemocnica v Nitre, ktor\u00e1 mala nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed vypnut\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a fungovala vo ve\u013emi obmedzenom re\u017eime. Minul\u00fd rok v novembri napadli hackeri nieko\u013eko nemocn\u00edc v americkej Alabame a Austr\u00e1lii. Lek\u00e1ri prestali prij\u00edma\u0165 neak\u00fatnych pacientov, zru\u0161ili niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdkony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L\u00e1kav\u00fd cie\u013e <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u00fd \u00fatok v \u010cech\u00e1ch znovu rozv\u00edril debatu o kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee ochrana zdravotn\u00edckych zariaden\u00ed je nedostato\u010dn\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201ePre nemocnice nikdy nebola oblas\u0165 IT prioritou. Aj ke\u010f mali v\u017edy nejak\u00e9 podporn\u00e9 oddelenie, ktor\u00e9 dohliadalo na to, aby fungovala konektivita a syst\u00e9my d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre chod zariadenia, nikto koncep\u010dne nerie\u0161il kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165.\u201c <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

STANISLAV SMOL\u00c1R<\/strong>
ved\u00faci oddelenia Kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a>, Soitron <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Nemocnice s\u00fa pritom pre vydiera\u010dov l\u00e1kav\u00fdm cie\u013eom. U\u017e v minulosti si overili, \u017ee s\u00fa nedostato\u010dne chr\u00e1nen\u00e9, navy\u0161e spravuj\u00fa citliv\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta a \u00fatoky m\u00f4\u017eu ohrozi\u0165 zdravie \u010di \u017eivoty \u013eud\u00ed. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu \u017eiada\u0165 vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdkupn\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eRansomware \u00fatoky prib\u00fadaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlym tempom. A v\u0161etci odborn\u00edci bez v\u00fdnimky sa zhoduj\u00fa na tom, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 bud\u00fa prib\u00fada\u0165,\u201c<\/em> dop\u013a\u0148a Stanislav Smol\u00e1r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nemocnice cyber security nerie\u0161ia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov je probl\u00e9mom n\u00edzke povedomie o kybebezpe\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e1 sa t\u00fdka cel\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu nemocnice. Navy\u0161e v zdravotn\u00edctve z\u00fafalo ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa IT experti. Vedenie nemocn\u00edc si neuvedomuje v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo, preto sa (zatia\u013e) ochranou pred kyber\u00fatokmi nezaober\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Jeden z\u00a0najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdtov znie: n\u00e1s sa to net\u00fdka. Svojmu IT oddeleniu ver\u00edme, \u010di\u017ee se nem\u00f4\u017ee ni\u010d sta\u0165. Pokia\u013e mana\u017ement nevyburcuje ani legislat\u00edva, ktor\u00e1 existuje aj v\u00a0\u010cR a naria\u010fuje nemocniciam rie\u0161i\u0165 kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, mus\u00ed, bohu\u017eia\u013e, pr\u00eds\u0165 kritick\u00e1 masa udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee ohrozuje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. V\u00a0tom momente sa z\u00a0toho stane z\u00e1sadn\u00e1 t\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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V rozpo\u010dtoch nemocn\u00edc v\u0161ak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nie je dostatok pe\u0148az\u00ed na IT bezpe\u010dnos\u0165. Jedine, ak ju mana\u017ement ur\u010d\u00ed ako z\u00e1sadn\u00fa prioritu, daj\u00fa sa h\u013eada\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medic\u00ednske vybavenie a s\u00fabory s d\u00e1tami pacientov s\u00fa pre zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie. Strate d\u00e1t a paral\u00fdze nemocnice sa d\u00e1 \u010deli\u0165 oddelen\u00edm \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov od pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch siet\u00ed. Ransomware toti\u017e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u00fato\u010d\u00ed cez koncov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, z ktor\u00fdch sa n\u00e1kaza \u0161\u00edri. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dobr\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm je naja\u0165 si extern\u00e9ho experta na cyber security. \u201eKontrola dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit, \u010di nem\u00e1te nejak\u00fd zranite\u013en\u00fd softv\u00e9r. To s\u00fa veci, ktor\u00e9 si m\u00f4\u017eu nemocnice obstara\u0165 pomerne r\u00fdchlo a lacno. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 skontrolova\u0165 aj cel\u00fa intern\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru nemocnice a analyzova\u0165 ju z h\u013eadiska bezpe\u010dnosti,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1dza Stanislav Smol\u00e1r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ako m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1t?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u201e<\/strong>Nemocnice spravuj\u00fa vz\u00e1cne osobn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta a za ich \u00fanik m\u00f4\u017eu \u010deli\u0165 \u017ealob\u00e1m, n\u00e1hrade \u0161k\u00f4d dotknut\u00fdch os\u00f4b, a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zlej reput\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 a\u017e likvida\u010dn\u00e1. Po \u00fatoku \u010dasto trv\u00e1 nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov, ne\u017e sa podar\u00ed obnovi\u0165 kritick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. V takom pr\u00edpade potrebujete IT \u0161pecialistu, aby v\u00e1m uk\u00e1zal, ako takej katastrofe \u010deli\u0165.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MARTIN LOHNERT<\/strong>
riadite\u013e doh\u013eadov\u00e9ho centra kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti Void SOC<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Subjektom v zdravotn\u00edctve by mohol pom\u00f4c\u0165 aj \u0161t\u00e1t. Rada pre kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je poradn\u00fdm org\u00e1nom predsedu vl\u00e1dy pre t\u00fato oblas\u0165, ale zatia\u013e nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 akt\u00edvna. Za svoje z\u00e1ujmy nelobuj\u00fa ani Asoci\u00e1cie nemocn\u00edc \u010cR, Zdru\u017eenie s\u00fakromn\u00fdch nemocn\u00edc \u010cR ani \u010fal\u0161ie organiz\u00e1cie zdru\u017euj\u00face zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva by pod\u013ea expertov mohlo vytvori\u0165 ak\u00fdsi manu\u00e1l pre nemocnice, ako jednotne postupova\u0165 pri zaisten\u00ed kyberbezpe\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNemocnice funguj\u00fa do zna\u010dnej miery na podobnom princ\u00edpe. Pokia\u013e by existoval manu\u00e1l, ako m\u00e1 ide\u00e1lne vyzera\u0165 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 architekt\u00fara nemocn\u00edc, ak\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania by mala dodr\u017eiava\u0165, bol by to krok pozit\u00edvnym smerom. M\u00e1loktor\u00e1 zdravotn\u00edcka organiz\u00e1cia m\u00e1 sk\u00fasn\u00e9ho IT architekta, ktor\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal tak\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru navrhn\u00fa\u0165,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Martin Lohnert. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemocnica by tak nemusela vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa architekt\u00faru sama, pr\u00edpadne so s\u00fakromn\u00fdmi extern\u00fdmi dod\u00e1vate\u013emi. \u201eV kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku rie\u0161enie aj tak zostane na organiz\u00e1cii. Musia tam by\u0165 uvedomel\u00ed \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed vn\u00edmaj\u00fa, \u017ee to riziko je dnes re\u00e1lne a obrovsk\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1va Lohnert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Skokov\u00fd n\u00e1rast<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pol\u00edcia monitoruje trestn\u00e9 \u010diny v kyberpriestore od roku 2011, kedy bolo evidovan\u00fdch asi 1500 \u00fatokov. Od tej doby nar\u00e1stol ich po\u010det takmer p\u00e4\u0165n\u00e1sobne, v roku 2018 zaznamenala pol\u00edcia viac ako 7000 \u00fatokov. <\/strong> \u0160tatistika pritom neukazuje skuto\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det pr\u00edpadov, ale len trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov, ktor\u00e9 boli kvalifikovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
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P\u00e1chatelia nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa len ransomware (vydiera\u010dsk\u00e9) \u00fatoky. \u201eNiektor\u00ed kradn\u00fa d\u00e1ta o konkr\u00e9tnych pacientoch, \u010do u\u017e je ve\u013emi cielen\u00fd \u00fatok. Je tu snaha pred\u00e1va\u0165 inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa spe\u0148a\u017ei\u0165,\u201c<\/em> prezr\u00e1dza Stanislav Smol\u00e1r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ealej ide o takzvan\u00e9 krypto\u00fatoky. <\/strong>\u201eInfikovan\u00e9 zariadenia obet\u00ed \u0165a\u017eia kryptomeny pre \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov, botnety kradn\u00fa v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fd v\u00fdkon, \u010do si z\u00e1kazn\u00edk \u010dasto nev\u0161imne, alebo si to v\u0161imne neskoro,\u201c <\/em>dop\u013a\u0148a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za posledn\u00fdch osem rokov sa viac ako zdvojn\u00e1sobil podiel hackingu na celkovej kybernetickej kriminalite. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KOMENT\u00c1R V M\u00c9DI\u00c1CH V poslednej dobe prib\u00fada po\u010det kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov na zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nevedia, ako im \u010deli\u0165, ale bud\u00fa sa to musie\u0165 nau\u010di\u0165. Nulov\u00e9 riziko \u00fatoku neexistuje a nikdy existova\u0165 nebude. Rizik\u00e1m sa d\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinne predch\u00e1dza\u0165, mus\u00ed sa ale od z\u00e1kladov zmeni\u0165 pr\u00edstup mana\u017ementu nemocn\u00edc. Vo ve\u010dnom boji s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou kriminalitou m\u00f4\u017ee zdravot-n\u00edckym zariadeniam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":27422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[295],"news_categories":[370],"class_list":["post-27624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","tag-kyberneticka-bezpecnost","news_categories-bezpecnost"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNemocnice na r\u00e1zcest\u00ed: Kyberbezpe\u010dnos\u0165 je \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 - Soitron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V poslednej dobe prib\u00fada po\u010det kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov na zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia. 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