{"id":41381,"date":"2021-05-31T13:11:25","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T12:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.soitron.com\/?p=41381"},"modified":"2022-03-16T14:34:01","modified_gmt":"2022-03-16T13:34:01","slug":"velke-skody-zpusobene-kybernetickymi-utoky-cesko-teprve-cekaji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.soitron.com\/cs\/velke-skody-zpusobene-kybernetickymi-utoky-cesko-teprve-cekaji\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 kybernetick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky \u010cesko teprve \u010dekaj\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hybridn\u00ed hrozby a kybernetick\u00e9 \u00fatoky jsou o\u017eahav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edky je slo\u017eit\u00e9 vyp\u00e1trat a ter\u010dem se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t jedinec, instituce i cel\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Pomoci m\u016f\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm i nevinn\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed fotografie z kancel\u00e1\u0159e firmy na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Pro\u010d bychom m\u011bli za\u010d\u00edt br\u00e1t kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a jak se lze br\u00e1nit? Zeptali jsme se Martina Lohnerta, experta na kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost spole\u010dnosti Soitron a \u0159editele centra kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti Void SOC.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V roce 2010 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd \u010derv Stuxnet napadl a ochromil d\u00edky sv\u00e9 sofistikovanosti a p\u0159esn\u00e9mu c\u00edlen\u00ed oblast \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed uranu. Bylo to o to zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1vod v \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9m Natanzu byl napaden off-line \u2013 jeho syst\u00e9my jsou izolovan\u00e9 od internetov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci k napaden\u00ed vyu\u017eili b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 USB flash disky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u010cerv v hal\u00e1ch napadal syst\u00e9my pro ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kask\u00e1dov\u00fdch centrifug (po\u0161kodil jich 1\/5). Ty nechal laicky \u0159e\u010deno to\u010dit rychleji, a tak doch\u00e1zelo k jejich rychlej\u0161\u00edmu opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed, v\u00edce ne\u017e 11 let od tohoto incidentu, do\u0161lo k dal\u0161\u00edmu. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem dubna 2021 v Natanzu do\u0161lo k velk\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 byly zp\u016fsobeny ob\u0159\u00ed exploz\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zcela zni\u010dila nez\u00e1vislou \u2013 a siln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bnou \u2013 vnit\u0159n\u00ed energetickou soustavu poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed centrifugy pro obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed uranu. Nejde jen o jednu z m\u00e1la v\u00fdjimek, ale o demonstraci postupuj\u00edc\u00edch sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f, proto\u017ee dokazuje, \u017ee nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dit na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroje, ale sta\u010d\u00ed napadnou sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tento a v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd zp\u016fsob kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f dokazuje, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fatok\u016f s c\u00edlem za\u0161ifrovat nebo ukr\u00e1st data \u2013 jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na fyzick\u00fd dopad, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o v\u00fdpadek proudu, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f, \u010di dokonce v\u00fdbuch. Exploze z\u00e1vodu Natanz zasadila ohromnou r\u00e1nu a bude trvat a\u017e dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ne\u017e se poda\u0159\u00ed obnovit jeho produkci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Na jak\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 hrozby by se m\u011bla p\u0159ipravit \u010cesk\u00e1 republika?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V rozhovoru se Insmart.cz ptal Martina Lohnerta, experta na kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost spole\u010dnosti Soitron a \u0159editele centra kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti Void SOC. Vedle pohledu na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 hrozby se tak\u00e9 pod\u00edvali na to, jak mohou organizace \u00farove\u0148 sv\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti zlep\u0161it a pro\u010d je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rizikem i nad\u00e1le lidsk\u00fd faktor.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Od nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed aktivity Stuxnetu uplynula \u0159ada let. Obecn\u011b se za autory \u010derva pova\u017euj\u00ed USA a Izrael. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b podobn\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f, m\u016f\u017eeme mluvit i o tzv. hybridn\u00ed v\u00e1lce. Jak\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti podobn\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu hroz\u00ed podle V\u00e1s \u010cesk\u00e9 republice?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hybridn\u00ed hrozby jsou velmi \u010dasto diskutovan\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. Rizika z nich vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed v podstat\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011b. V\u017edy se najdou nep\u0159\u00e1telsky nalad\u011bn\u00ed jednotlivci, organizace \u010di dokonce jin\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. M\u00e1lokdy se ale poda\u0159\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky vyp\u00e1trat. Tak se m\u016f\u017eeme jen domn\u00edvat, zda nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fatoky ransomware v \u010desk\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch v roce 2020 byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e9 kampan\u011b nebo jen n\u00e1hodn\u00fdmi incidenty. Vzhledem k relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni pov\u011bdom\u00ed a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 kybernetick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky, n\u00e1s teprve \u010dekaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Jestli kybernetick\u00fd \u00fatok na Natanz nebyl v\u00fdjimkou, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebyl, jak se mohou instituce efektivn\u011bji br\u00e1nit? Vzhledem k faktu, \u017ee \u0161lo o off-line \u00fatok, bude postup pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, obrana p\u0159ed tak sofistikovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadem jako byl Stuxnet (kde se odhaduje \u017ee v\u00fdvoj trval \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9mu t\u00fdmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f n\u011bkolik let) je extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 to i od \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f vy\u017eaduje extr\u00e9mn\u00ed motivaci a lidsk\u00e9, technologick\u00e9 i finan\u010dn\u00ed zdroje. C\u00edl\u016f, na kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba vynalo\u017eit takov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie a motivace, je proto velmi m\u00e1lo. Mnoho firem a instituc\u00ed m\u00e1 ale tak slab\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee potencion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nepot\u0159ebuje ani zlomek t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f, a p\u0159esto slav\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u0159\u00edve jste zm\u00ednil, \u017ee kup\u0159\u00edkladu fotografie pracovi\u0161t\u011b mohou slou\u017eit jako podklady pro p\u0159\u00edpravu \u00fatoku. M\u016f\u017eete uv\u00e9st konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u00f3d Stuxnet byl vyvinut tak, aby \u00fato\u010dil pouze na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typ a model technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly nasazeny v tov\u00e1rn\u011b Natanz. Takov\u00e9 informace jsou pochopiteln\u011b tajn\u00e9 a dob\u0159e hl\u00eddan\u00e9. Neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm se k nim poda\u0159ilo dostat z ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch fotografi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny p\u0159i slavnostn\u00edm otev\u0159en\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b a v pozad\u00ed zachycovaly i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 komponenty.<\/em> Lehko si tak p\u0159edstav\u00edme nap\u0159. pracovn\u00edka marketingu p\u0159i publikov\u00e1n\u00ed propaga\u010dn\u00edch fotek, jeho\u017e nenapadne \u017ee kdesi v rohu je na sn\u00edmku vid\u011bt za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci p\u0159esn\u011b identifikovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M\u00e1te zku\u0161enosti s t\u00edm, \u017ee jsou podobn\u00e9 \u00fatoky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny i v r\u00e1mci konkuren\u010dn\u00edho boje firem?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dato\u010dn\u00edci i jejich motivace jsou velmi r\u016fzn\u00e9, ale obecn\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji se jedn\u00e1 o finan\u010dn\u00ed motiv = \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody mohou vzniknout, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci vy\u017eaduj\u00ed. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dasto zmi\u0148ovan\u00e1 hackersk\u00e1 skupina Darkside si pr\u00fd ob\u011bti pe\u010dliv\u011b vyb\u00edr\u00e1 i na z\u00e1klad\u011b zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch ukazatel\u016f, a podle nich stanovuje po\u017eadovan\u00e9 v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 (nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, jak\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eete dan\u00e1 organizace dovolit zaplatit). Nen\u00ed ale nemysliteln\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00fd \u201etip\u201c mohou dostat i od n\u011bjak\u00e9ho konkurenta \u010di rozzloben\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance. Nep\u0159ekvapilo by m\u011b to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Role lidsk\u00e9ho faktoru bude v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b podobn\u00fdch hrozeb vysok\u00e1, co\u017e se potvrdilo i p\u0159i \u00fatoc\u00edch na \u010desk\u00e9 nemocnice. Co mohou instituce pro ochranu sv\u00e9 infrastruktury v tomto sm\u011bru ud\u011blat?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, varov\u00e1n\u00ed, informac\u00ed o hrozb\u00e1ch \u010di \u201ebest-practices\u201c s kter\u00fdmi se dnes d\u00e1 pracovat, je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neomezen\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak na trhu existuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada firem poskytuj\u00edc\u00edch profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 um\u00ed poskytnout pomoc i p\u0159i aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm nedostatku kvalifikovan\u00fdch specialist\u016f. Z na\u0161eho pohledu je proto nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. P\u0159ijmout ji v ka\u017ed\u00e9 organizaci jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma a za\u010d\u00edt se j\u00ed na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni zab\u00fdvat. Jinak se nikam nepohneme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: insmart.cz<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Luk\u00e1\u0161 Vo\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hybridn\u00ed hrozby a kybernetick\u00e9 \u00fatoky jsou o\u017eahav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edky je slo\u017eit\u00e9 vyp\u00e1trat a ter\u010dem se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t jedinec, instituce i cel\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Pomoci m\u016f\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm i nevinn\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed fotografie z kancel\u00e1\u0159e firmy na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Pro\u010d bychom m\u011bli za\u010d\u00edt br\u00e1t kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a jak se lze br\u00e1nit? Zeptali jsme se Martina Lohnerta, experta na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":41409,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[313],"news_categories":[371],"class_list":["post-41381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky-cs","tag-kyberneticka-bezpecnost-cs","news_categories-bezpecnost-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVelk\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 kybernetick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky \u010cesko teprve \u010dekaj\u00ed - Soitron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pro\u010d bychom m\u011bli za\u010d\u00edt br\u00e1t kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a jak se lze br\u00e1nit? Zeptali jsme se Martina Lohnerta, experta na kyberbezpe\u010dnost.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Velk\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 kybernetick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky \u010cesko teprve \u010dekaj\u00ed - Soitron\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pro\u010d bychom m\u011bli za\u010d\u00edt br\u00e1t kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a jak se lze br\u00e1nit? 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