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Toto nem\u00e1 b\u00fdt nab\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed k trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, ale pouze pouk\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na to, \u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch IOT p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f s mo\u017enost\u00ed jejich zneu\u017eit\u00ed je obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, a \u017ee mohou znamenat zna\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m v kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti nejenom na \u00farovni firem a organizac\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A probl\u00e9m to skute\u010dn\u011b je. Ukazuje se, \u017ee v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je minim\u00e1ln\u011b 1600 vysoce zraniteln\u00fdch \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f <\/strong>(takzvan\u00e1 PLC nebo ICS), kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edt na internetu, \u010d\u00edst z nich \u00fadaje a z\u00edskat k nim anonymn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup bez znalosti jm\u00e9na a hesla. Ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed takov\u00fdch jednotek pak m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt fat\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdch i st\u00e1tn\u00edch spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSlovensk\u00e1 kyberbezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Void SOC ned\u00e1vno v \u010cesku ud\u011blala technick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum a zjistila, \u017ee mezi zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdmi zraniteln\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my jsou i v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky, ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed syst\u00e9my n\u011bkter\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren nebo p\u0159istup ke kompletn\u00edmu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jist\u00e9ho pivovaru. Tyto d\u011brav\u00e9 syst\u00e9my byly detekov\u00e1ny v 280 \u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bstech. \u00datoky na tuzemsk\u00e9 nemocnice z posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f tak mohou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edstavovat jen \u0161pi\u010dku ledovce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jsou zde tak\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako SCADA, kter\u00e9 jsou rovn\u011b\u017e hojn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny a bezpe\u010dnostn\u011b podcen\u011bny. \u0158\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u0161eho druhu nav\u00edc bude p\u0159ib\u00fdvat. Koncept vl\u00e1dou vyzdvihovan\u00e9ho Pr\u016fmyslu 4.0 je toti\u017e postaven\u00fd na chytr\u00fdch stroj\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ipojeny do s\u00edt\u011b a internetu, a jsou tedy zraniteln\u00e9 podobn\u011b jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo chytr\u00e9 telefony. Obecn\u00e9 se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee trend je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce rozvinou p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed 5G s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro kybernetickou a informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost (N\u00daKIB) u\u017e tyto skute\u010dnosti za\u010dal zohled\u0148ovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00darove\u0148 jako z roku 1991<\/h2>\n\n\n\n Mezi zraniteln\u00fdmi IT syst\u00e9my jsou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky, ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed syst\u00e9my elektr\u00e1ren nebo p\u0159\u00edstup k ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jist\u00e9ho pivovaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V nov\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9m N\u00e1rodn\u00edm pl\u00e1nu V\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje v Oblasti kybernetick\u00e9 a informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti za jednu z priorit ozna\u010dil bezpe\u010dnost pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a syst\u00e9m\u016f v souvislosti s rozvojem internetu v\u011bci.<\/strong> \u201eS nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed digitalizac\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a SCADA syst\u00e9m\u016f lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se tlak na v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj ochrann\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou schopny l\u00e9pe chr\u00e1nit komunika\u010dn\u00ed a informa\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b,”<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci ale lze ozna\u010dit tristn\u00ed. \u201ePov\u011bdom\u00ed o kyberbezpe\u010dnosti v pr\u016fmyslu je na \u00farovni pov\u011bdom\u00ed o kyberbezpe\u010dnosti v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m IT v roce 1991,\u201c<\/em> nasti\u0148uje Martin Lohnert z Void SOC. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jedna z fotovoltaick\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, k jej\u00edmu\u017e ovl\u00e1dac\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu se lze dostat p\u0159es web bez zad\u00e1n\u00ed jm\u00e9na a hesla. Ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed rozhran\u00ed u\u017eivatele nav\u00edc v\u017edy informuje, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 heslo nen\u00ed nastaveno a zda si skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159eje pokra\u010dovat bez n\u011bj. Takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadu je v r\u00e1mci zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdch 1600 syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u00edce a ignoruj\u00ed se tak zcela element\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pravidla.<\/p>\n\n\n\nV r\u00e1mci nezabezpe\u010den\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f lze nal\u00e9zt kontroln\u00ed prvky od v\u0161ech p\u0159edn\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, jako jsou Schneider Electric, ABB, Siemens, Honeywell, Rockwell Automation a dal\u0161\u00ed. Slab\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed ale v\u011bt\u0161inou nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobena chybami na jejich stran\u011b. Instalaci takov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toti\u017e \u0159e\u0161\u00ed partne\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed ignoruj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. \u00datoky mohou p\u0159ich\u00e1zet rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es tyto partnery, kdy hacke\u0159i postupuj\u00ed tak, \u017ee napadnou jednu sou\u010d\u00e1st dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce a pak postupuj\u00ed d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Problematick\u00fdch m\u00edst je v\u00edce. Subjekty \u010dasto k bezpe\u010dnosti p\u0159istupuji formou \u201eco by si na n\u00e1s kdo vzal” a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v jednotliv\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech neprov\u00e1d\u00ed aktualizace softwaru. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech tak b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zastaral\u00e1 a zraniteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eSCADA syst\u00e9my jsou dramaticky nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9,”<\/em> popisuje Martin Uher ze spole\u010dnosti CyberG, kter\u00e1 v \u0158itce u Prahy provozuje \u201ekybernetickou t\u011blocvi\u010dnu”, kam firmy chod\u00ed tr\u00e9novat obranu proti hackersk\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm. \u201eN\u011bkdy spole\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak star\u00e9 verze syst\u00e9m\u016f, \u017ee je m\u00e1me probl\u00e9m do testovac\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed sehnat,”<\/em> konstatuje Uher. Upozor\u0148uje rovn\u011b\u017e na p\u0159\u00edstup organizac\u00ed ve stylu \u201enesahat na to, hlavn\u011b \u017ee to funguje” a ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dnosti. \u201eLid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se SCADA technologiemi pracuj\u00ed, byli dlouho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee se jich bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hrozby p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 net\u00fdkaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u0161lo o takzvan\u00e9 ostrovn\u00ed instalace d\u0159\u00edve nep\u0159ipojen\u00e9 k internetu,”<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Uher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Hacknut\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1rovka\u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my mohou pro \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky p\u0159edstavovat vstupn\u00ed bod, skrze kter\u00fd se pak dostanou do dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba odhalen\u00ed takov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku je 214 dn\u00ed<\/strong>, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 v s\u00edti vy\u010dk\u00e1vat, pozorovat d\u011bn\u00ed a postupovat hloub\u011bji. \u0158\u00eddic\u00ed jednotky jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i zcela b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, jako jsou klimatizace, odkud lze \u201ep\u0159esko\u010dit” d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTo, jak se \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed a IOT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ke komplexn\u00edm \u00fatok\u016fm vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, nasti\u0148uje Unicorn RedTeam. Jde o malou organizaci uvnit\u0159 \u010desk\u00e9 softwarov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Unicorn, kterou si naj\u00edmaj\u00ed banky a dal\u0161\u00ed instituce, aby vedla \u00fatoky na jejich infrastrukturu. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 jim pak experti z \u201erud\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu” p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed, co je \u0161patn\u00e9 a co je t\u0159eba zlep\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hackersk\u00fdm \u00fatokem lze nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ehr\u00e1t k\u00e1vovar a ve firm\u011b tak zp\u016fsobit po\u017e\u00e1r.<\/strong> Nebo se p\u0159es chytrou \u017e\u00e1rovku nabourat do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. RedTeam \u010dasto postupuje jako ve \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edm filmu (focen\u00ed monitor\u016f zam\u011bstnanc\u016f z hotelov\u00e9ho pokoje naproti kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edm banky a spol.), z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale do sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy zahrnuje i monitoring IOT skrze zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd Shodan a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje. IOT je d\u016fle\u017eitou \u010d\u00e1sti vybaven\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. \u201eTypicky m\u00e1me zak\u00e1z\u00e1no un\u00e1\u0161et d\u011bti zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, rozb\u00edjet okna a z\u00e1mky \u010di c\u00edlen\u011b \u00fato\u010dit na \u010dleny p\u0159edstavenstva. Jinak je to ale na n\u00e1s,\u201d<\/em> nasti\u0148uj\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 RedTeamu, kte\u0159\u00ed necht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt jmenov\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS postupn\u00fdm rozvojem internetu v\u011bci se tento princip bude st\u00e1vat \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem. Izraelsk\u00e1 kyberbezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Check Point nap\u0159\u00edklad dok\u00e1zala vyu\u017e\u00edt zranitelnosti v chytr\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1ch Philips Hue (chytr\u00e9 jsou v tom, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159es mobil zm\u011bnu barvy a podobn\u011b) p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch na internet. V \u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1ch bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159evz\u00edt kontroln\u00ed jednotku a z t\u00e9 se pak dostat do dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u201ePhilips jsme si pro testy vybrali z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee jde o obrovskou firmu, kter\u00e1 hodn\u011b investuje do kyberbezpe\u010dnosti. Nem\u011bli jsme \u010das ani kapacity zkou\u0161et dal\u0161\u00ed IOT \u017e\u00e1rovky, kter\u00fdch je na trhu dost, ale zranitelnosti bychom stoprocentn\u011b na\u0161li v\u0161ude,” <\/em>popisuje pro Ekonom Itzik Feiglevitch z Check Pointu, kter\u00fd se na pokusu pod\u00edlel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u2026 nebo k\u00e1vovar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n Podobn\u00fd kousek se poda\u0159il \u010desk\u00e9mu Avastu, jeho\u017e v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci hacknuli b\u011b\u017en\u00fd k\u00e1vovar. \u201eByli jsme schopni z n\u011bj ud\u011blat stroj, kter\u00fd rozes\u00edl\u00e1 ransomware s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o platbu. Tak\u00e9 jsme byli schopni k\u00e1vovar pou\u017e\u00edt jako br\u00e1nu ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch v dom\u00e1c\u00ed s\u00edti,”<\/em> popisuje Martin Hron z Avastu s t\u00edm, \u017ee se \u00fatokem rovn\u011b\u017e k\u00e1vovar dal p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t a \u0161lo tak potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zp\u016fsobit po\u017e\u00e1r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAvast ve sv\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho zjistil, \u017ee p\u0159es 42 procent \u010desk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed m\u00e1 alespo\u0148 jedno chytr\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zraniteln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di \u00fatok\u016fm. <\/strong>Spole\u010dnost si proto ve sv\u00e9m s\u00eddle v Praze na Pankr\u00e1ci koncem lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku postavila vlastn\u00ed IOT laborato\u0159 a internet v\u011bc\u00ed se stal jednou z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jej\u00edho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPodobn\u011b se na Slovensku internetu v\u011bci v\u011bnuje spole\u010dnost ESET. T\u00e9 se nap\u0159\u00edklad v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu poda\u0159ilo odhalit zranitelnosti centr\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch jednotek, pomoci, kter\u00fdch bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v s\u00edti ovl\u00e1dnout, podstrkovat viry nebo odposlouch\u00e1vat s\u00ed\u0165. ESET si tak\u00e9 od agentury Median nechal ud\u011blat pr\u016fzkum mezi \u010desk\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli. Ten uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee 71 procent z nich m\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed internetu v\u011bci p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 do stejn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a telefony.<\/strong> T\u00edm se zvy\u0161uje riziko \u00fatoku a odborn\u00edci pro IOT doporu\u010duj\u00ed odd\u011blenou s\u00ed\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
P\u016fvodn\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v t\u00fdden\u00edku Ekonom, 25. 6. 2020<\/em>https:\/\/ekonom.ihned.cz\/c1-66782140-jak-na-dalku-odstavit-it-systemy-elektraren-ci-pivovaru-v-cesku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"JAN SEDL\u00c1K, spolupracovn\u00edk redakce Ekonom Chcete se dostat do \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f tov\u00e1ren, elektr\u00e1ren a dal\u0161\u00edch libovoln\u00fdch subjekt\u016f a tam p\u016fsobit neplechu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se jen nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 d\u00edvat? T\u00fdden\u00edk Ekonom p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed rychlokurz pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky zdarma. Zajd\u011bte na webovou str\u00e1nku www.shodan.io, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 Google pro internet v\u011bc\u00ed (IOT), vyu\u017eijte v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdch filtr\u016f parametr\u016f a je to – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":32498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[313],"news_categories":[372],"class_list":["post-36260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky-cs","tag-kyberneticka-bezpecnost-cs","news_categories-iot-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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